Paper: Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: A preliminary study in a Canadian university population

Author(s) and Affiliation(s):
Sophia Berolo, University of Waterloo
Dr. Richard Wells, University of Waterloo
Dr. Benjamin C. Amick III, Institute for Work & Health
Day/Time: Friday at 10:30
Room: St. David Room, 3rd Floor
Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to:
1) determine the distribution of seven measures of mobile device use among a population of university students, staff, and faculty;
2) determine the distribution of musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper extremity, upper back and neck among a population of university students, staff, and faculty; and
3) assess the relationship between measures of device use and musculoskeletal symptoms among this population.

Methods:

Using cross-sectional design, an internet-based questionnaire was used to collect self-reported measures of daily mobile hand-held device use and self-reported symptoms of pain in the upper extremity, upper back, and neck in 140 students, faculty and staff at a Canadian university. A dichotomous exposure variable (low/high) was created for each of the six measures of mobile device use collected in the questionnaire as well as for total device use. Pain data collected in the questionnaire was dichotomized to "no pain"; (0 on Likert scale) or "any pain"; (1 to 10 Likert scale). By controlling for covariates (daily computer/laptop keyboard and mouse use, daily game controller use, UW status [faculty, staff or student] and gender) multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the seven dichotomous mobile device use exposure variables and 24 dichotomous outcomes.

Results:

In total, 137 of 140 participants (98%) reported using a mobile device. Most participants (84%) reported pain of any severity in at least one body part. Pain in the right hand was most prevalent at the base of the thumb (17% reporting slight pain, 9% reporting moderate pain, 2% reporting severe pain). Total time spent using a mobile device was significantly associated with any pain reported in the left shoulder (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.00 to 4.24), the right shoulder (OR = 2.55; 95% CI 1.25 to 5.21), and the neck (OR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.24 to 5.96).

Conclusions:

Although this research is preliminary, the associations observed between measures of mobile device use and musculoskeletal symptoms, in combination with the rising use of mobile hand-held devices, argues for further research in this field including a prospective study with more well-validated exposure measures.